Home loans are often referred to as mortgages. Home loans are needed in order to purchase a home or property. The mortgage is paid in installments over a set period of time.

There are different types of home loans. The most common type of home loan is a fixed rate home loan. These are especially attractive to first time home buyers. Fixed rate home loans are stable, with a monthly payment that remains the same over the term of the loan, which is usually 15 years or 30 years. Fixed rate home loans are low risk, protected against inflation and easier to budget.

Adjustable rate home loans, unlike fixed rate home loans, adjust the interest rate over an initial period (between a few months and few years). Adjustable interest rates begin high during the initial period and slowly reduce in rate.

A third type of home loan is the balloon home loan. In a balloon home loan, the monthly payments are based on a 30 year amortization schedule, but the entire home loan balance is due at the end of the loan?s term, which is either five years or seven years. If you cannot pay the entire home loan balance at the end of the term, then you can elect to reset the home loan at the current interest rate.

A newer type of home loan is called a reverse mortgage. This appeals to older homeowners, especially those interested in supplementing their retirement savings. In a reverse mortgage, the home owner receives money instead of making a monthly payment. The reverse mortgage does not need to be repaid until the home is sold, the owner dies or the owner no longer uses the home as their primary residence. You must be 62 years old and living in the home as a primary residence in order to qualify for a reverse mortgage.

Down payments are required when taking out a loan. Depending on the type of loan, the down payment can range from 3-20% of the home?s total value. The buyer?s credit history, income, and the value of the home are calculated into the down payment.

The buyer will also have to pay closing costs on their home loan. These are usually three to seven percent of the home?s cost and include points, taxes, title insurance, financing and other settlement costs. You can negotiate with your lender to try and keep your closing costs down. Some sellers also pay the closing costs for the buyer as part of the home loan deal. Ask your home loan provider for details.

Tom Martens is the content coordinator for South Arica?s leading Homeloans portal which amongst others offers Bond origination services for all major banks.